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Spring design

This document gives some basic data about spring design, covering aspects such as wire safety, materials, and equipment.

It is written for the benefit of someone who has (or can gain access to) basic hand and power tools. The sections of the document are arranged in logical order presuming a minimal knowledge of the metalworking trades in general or of springmaking in particular, and cross-linked to provide a forward path that leads from this point through the entire manufacturing process. There’s a glossary of spring terminology and an addendum, which should help you to define terms and find additional resources. Three basic types of springs are described: compression, extension, and torsion, alongside clock and power and other types of springs.

Link: http://home.earthlink.net/~bazillion/design.html
Author: Dave Silberstein
License: http://home.earthlink.net/~bazillion/spring_terms.html
Rights: The information that is presented on this web site is made available free of charge to anyone who wants it. You can download the entire site or any portion of it to use or distribute as you see fit, commercial use excepted. That means, it's free, so if you want to give it away for free, you can. But you can't charge for it, or make it part of anything that's charged for, or make it part of a commercial (business) web site.

Topic: Machine elements.

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Manufacturing and process methods

This page is part of a study unit from the OU archive and is an adapted extract from Design and manufacture with polymers (T838) which is no longer in presentation.

Polymers are materials composed of long molecular chains that are well-accepted for a wide variety of applications. This unit explores these materials in terms of their chemical composition, associated properties and processes of manufacture from petrochemicals. The unit also shows a range of products in which polymers are used and explains why they are chosen in preference to many conventional materials.
This particular section focuses on design in polymers, specifically the manufacturing and process methods including fabrication, rotationally moulding, vacuum forming, blow moulding and injection moulding.

[Description and screenshot taken from the OU page for this course. (c) Open University used under the terms of their CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 license.]

Link: http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=397829§ion=6.2
Source: http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/uk/
Rights: Copyright The Open University. Except for third party materials and otherwise stated (see http://www8.open.ac.uk/about/main/admin-and-governance/policies-and-statements/conditions-use-open-university-websites), this content is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 Licence

Topic: Moulding.

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Design of aircraft wheels and brake systems

This book is part of the NASA Technical Documents collection included in the Internet Archive digital library.

The experience in the design and analysis of aircraft wheels and brakes, brake systems, brake control systems, and antiskid systems is summarised.

The static and fatigue strength of aircraft wheels, calculation of brake service life, brake dynamics, techniques for increasing brake energy absorption capacity, and design of the basic antiskid system elements are also examined.

The book can be read online or downloaded in pdf, EPUB, Kindle, and plain text formats.

Link: http://www.archive.org/details/nasa_techdoc_19750017846
Author: I. I. Zverev; S. S. Kokonin
Publication Date: 1975-06-01
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/publicdomain/

Topic: Clutches and brakes.

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Design: creation of artifacts in society

This book on design is provided by Karl T. Ulrich – Vice Dean of Innovation at The Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania.

The site contains the book chapters as pdf files as they are completed and revised and are divided into the following 7 chapters.

Table of contents:

[1] Introduction to Design
[2] Exploration
[3] Users, Experts, and Institutions
[4] The Architecture of Artifacts
[5] Aesthetics in Design
[6] Variety
[7] Problem Solving and Design

Link: http://opim.wharton.upenn.edu/~ulrich/designbook.html
Author: Karl T. Ulrich
Publication Date: 2007
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/2.5/
Rights: This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License.

Topic: Design processes, Principles of design.

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What is engineering?

This is the third lecture from the course CSC340F: Requirements Engineering last taught in the Autumn term of 2006 at the University of Toronto.

The course covers the theory, tools and techniques of problem analysis for software systems development, covering both information systems and control systems.

Topics include: requirements specification, object-oriented analysis, business process modeling, analysis of non-functional requirements, lifecycle of engineering projects, project management, waterfall and V-models.

Link: http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~sme/CSC340F/slides/03-engineering.pdf
Author: Steve Easterbrook
Source: http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~sme/CSC340F/
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/
Rights: All teaching materials on this website are available for use under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 License, except where noted otherwise.

Topic: Principles of design.

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Design guidelines

This pdf document provides guidelines for engineers involved in product development and innovation.

Architects, landscape designers, interior designers and product designers are typical designer jobs. They often develop visual themes, to position themselves and their designs in the market. Many clients purchase products of or engage these designers because their products match with the sense of their identity. For example urban planners expect the landscape designers to develop landmarks, to improve the attractiveness of the city, neighbourhood or region. In addition to the visual requirements the design should improve the liveability of the community, preserve the environment and protect sensitive areas. Requirements usually not met by the visual themes of the designer. Most design teams are not composed of visual designers only but also include marketing people, design engineers, manufacturing- and O&M specialists. The design engineers, manufacturing- and O&M specialists ensure that the product meet the criteria of professional correctness, which may be specified in professional codes and standards.

Link: http://www.merlot.org/merlot/goToMaterial.htm;jsessionid=5FAD01335AE903D5A3DF540C527B2218?url=http%3a%2f%2fwww.indevelopment.nl%2fPDFfiles%2fDesignGuidelines.pdf&materialid=290564&entrytype=1
Author: John van Rijn
Publication Date: 2008-01-25
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/
Rights: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 United States (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0) license.

Topic: Specification formulation.

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Brittle fracture

This teaching and learning package (TLP) describes how and why materials break.
Prerequisite: You need not do it now, but you may want to look at the TLP on photoelasticity.

The consequences of something breaking can be a pest, or utterly disastrous, as when the pedal drops off one’s bike, but without it, biting and crunching, breaking into crisp packets, pulverizing coal, oil drilling and many other processes would be impossible. The most dramatic failures are catastrophic, but sometimes they can be very gradual even in the most brittle materials. This TLP discusses what determines when a material will break, and whether failure will be catastrophic or more gradual. The emphasis here is on brittle fracture, and although all of this is relevant to metals, the details of ductile fracture are not discussed.

On completion of this tutorial you should understand:
• that materials break by cracking;
• what determines whether a material will crack or not;
• what determines whether cracking is catastrophic or more gradual;
• the concepts of the fracture energy, strain energy release rate, fracture toughness and stress intensity factor.

Questions and links to further reading are also included.

[Description and screenshot taken from the DoITPoMS page for this TLP. (c) University of Cambridge used under the terms of their CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 license.]

Link: http://www.doitpoms.ac.uk/tlplib/brittle_fracture/index.php
Publication Date: 2009-08-19
Source: http://www.doitpoms.ac.uk/tlplib/index.php
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/uk/
Rights: Copyright University of Cambridge. Except where otherwise noted (see http://www.doitpoms.ac.uk/tlplib/terms.php), content on this page is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 Licence

Topic: Machine elements, Materials in design.

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The design process

This presentation looks at the design process as applied to practical engineering situations. An overview of design considerations and a basic methodology is given. Each stage of the process is explained and its relevance to modern engineering practice is discussed. A text version is also available.

The Design Process

Link: http://www.slideshare.net/LeicesterColTechEngCentre/the-design-process-3747101
Publication Date: 2009
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/uk/
Rights: Copyright Leicester College. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 License.

Topic: Design processes.

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Ethical implications for engineering

This student module summarises a presentation developed by Efrain O’Neill and Luis Jimenez for developing student awareness and competencies in engineering ethics. It defines ethics, provides a brief introduction to three ethical theories, sets forth useful frameworks and templates for ethical problem solving in engineering, and outlines the professional and code-based ethical responsibilities of engineers in Puerto Rico.

For those interested in ABET accreditation and reaccreditation, it touches on the themes of
(1) professional and ethical responsibility, (2) integrating ethics into design projects, and (3) generating awareness of the social and global impacts of engineering. Students and faculty consulting this module will find the capstone course presentation, background information pertinent to engineering ethics in Puerto Rico, and exercises that help students develop an active and practical understanding of how ethics fits into engineering practice.

The module is available to download as a pdf file and as an EPUB file for viewing in handheld devices. A presentation of this module given in March 2008 at the University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez is also provided.

Caution: This module is incomplete. Authors plan to add more content shortly.

[Description and screenshot taken from the Connexions page for this module. This work is licensed by William Frey under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 3.0), and is an Open Educational Resource.]

Link: http://cnx.org/content/m17226/latest/
Author: William Frey; Jose A. Cruz-Cruz
Publication Date: 2010-12-04
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Rights: This work is licensed by William Frey under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 3.0), and is an Open Educational Resource.

Topic: Design processes.

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Casting

This teaching and learning package (TLP) introduces a number of important processes through which metallic items can be fabricated from molten metal. As well as detailing the practical aspects of these manufacturing processes, attention is given to the important parameters which determine the microstructure of the finished items.

Before you start it will be helpful to have an understanding of solute partitioning and the formation of dendrites. The TLP on Solidification of Alloys covers these topics.

On completion of this tutorial you should:
• Understand the meaning of the Biot number, how it affects the temperature profile in a casting, and the resulting microstructure.
• Be able to explain the formation of the microstructure observed in a cast ingot.

• Be familiar with some common methods of casting, their advantages and disadvantages, and be able to choose a suitable process for manufacturing a variety of metallic components.

Questions and links to further reading and websites are also included.

Description and screenshot taken from the DoITPoMS page for this TLP. (c) University of Cambridge used under the terms of their CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 license.]

Link: http://www.doitpoms.ac.uk/tlplib/casting/index.php
Publication Date: 2008-08-16
Source: http://www.doitpoms.ac.uk/tlplib/index.php
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/uk/
Rights: Copyright University of Cambridge. Except where otherwise noted (see http://www.doitpoms.ac.uk/tlplib/terms.php), content on this page is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 Licence

Topic: Casting.

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just a test